private
and protected
. These modifiers define the level of access to class variables and methods.__
). Private members provide a higher level of data hiding, ensuring that the class’s internal data is not accessible directly from outside the class.__length
and __breadth
are accessible only within the Rectangle
class. Any attempt to access them from outside the class will result in an AttributeError
, as shown above._
). Although this doesn’t completely prevent access from outside, it signals that the variable is meant to be protected and should be used carefully._length
and _breadth
are accessible within the Circle
subclass, but when attempting to access them from outside the class, Python raises an AttributeError
, showing that protected members are still not meant to be accessed directly.